The solution to a mathematical equation can be feasible or infeasible. There can be mathematical models with boundaries as well. Such models are termed as optimization models where the solution resides within a set of values. Usually such models are expressed with a set of constraints. For example, the classical functions of pricing the supply and demand for products, both these functions together create a fixed value for the price.

Here is a sample mathematical model

Objective: Maximize Profits from selling two products P1 and P2 at Price $3 and $4 respectively.

Constraint: Labor hours are limited to 40 per week. Product 1 takes 2 hours to produce and product 2 takes 3 hours to produce. (Per unit)

Maximize 3P1 + 4P2 — (1)

SUBJECT TO

2P1 + 3P2 < 40 — (2)